ABSTRACT
Objective Due to the decline of gastrointestinal function, the intakes of various dietary nutrients in the elderly population are reduced to varying degrees. Among them, the reduction in vitamins and trace mineral elements is relatively greater, resulting in relative increases in the intake of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and an increased risk of development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods In order to reduce the risk of MS in the elderly population, it is necessary to limit the intakes of the three major energy-supplying nutrients, mainly carbohydrates. The effects of vitamins and trace elements on MS are still controversial, and it is recommended to ensure normal intake. Dietary fiber has positive effects on gastrointestinal function, immune response, and glucolipid metabolism. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the intake. Results Mediterranean diet is currently confirmed to have a good effect on the prevention of MS, and the diet consists mainly of beans, nuts, vegetables and fruits, with appropriate intakes of cereals, seafood and dairy products. Plant-based diet based on vegetables, mushrooms and bean products is also beneficial to improving blood glucose and blood lipids, thereby preventing the occurrence and progression of MS. Owing to the significant differences in dietary habits, health status and dietary structure among the elderly population in different regions, the significance of single and specific dietary patterns for the prevention of MS is still low. Conclusion It will become a development trend to formulate diversified and individualized dietary regimen through the reasonable increases or limitations of corresponding food intakes according to different individual nutritional levels..
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore relationship between dietary structure and restenosis of patients after PCI. Methods Select a total of 240 cases of PCI postoperative imaging review of coronary heart disease patients as the research object. General information questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire were used. Analyze the relationship between dietary structure and restenosis of patients after pereutaneous coronary intervention. Results The intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy products were 40.83%(98/240), 35.42%(85/240) and 44.58% (107/240), respectively, and the proportion of meat, grease and salt was higher in poultry, 46.25%(111/240), 73.33%(176/240) and 57.08%(137/240), and the intake of vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C and calcium were higher, 75.83% (182/240), 59.17% (142/240), 47.50% (114/240) and 54.58% (131/240) respectively; the body mass index, body fat rate and smoking history were positively correlated with restenosis after PCI (r=0.276, 0.183, 0.334, P<0.05), and the intake of thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin E, magnesium, zinc and selenium was negatively correlated with restenosis (r=-0.257--0.163, P<0.05) The body mass index, vitamin C and selenium intake were the main influencing factors of restenosis (Wald χ2=4.398, 3.928, 5.217, P<0.05). Conclusions The patients'diet structure is poor and the nutrition is unbalanced, and the clinical nursing staff should strengthen the dietary guidance to patients, which is beneficial to prevent the occurrence of restenosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the dietary structure in long-haul truck drivers,especially their vitamin A(VA) intake,food sources and serum level.Method One hundred and forty-five long-haul truck drivers were enrolled.A 24-hour dietary recall was conducted by food frequency questionnaire using three-dimensional food models.Serum VA was measured by HPLC.Results The average intake of energy,protein,fat and carbohydrate in working days was 3.95 MJ(945 kcal/d,35.0%RNI),40.7g/d(17.2% energy),20.5g/d(19.5% energy),134.5g/d(56.9% energy) respectively.In rest days,the average intake of energy,protein,fat and carbohydrate was 11.72 MJ(2802 kcal/d,116.8%RNI),118.5g/d(15.0% energy),92.4g/d(37.7% energy),307.2g/d(38.9% energy) respectively.VA intake was 252.6?gRE/d(31.5% RNI) in working days compared to 602.3?gRE/d(75.2% RNI) in rest days.The average serum VA concentration was 583 ?g RE/L,and the prevalence of serum VA